Study suggests that peripheral refraction within the temporal and inferior regions influences axial elongation.

Study shows higher levels of exertion were associated with a decreased risk of refractive error.

Choroidal and scleral thicknesses were more decreased in this form and patients had a worse visual prognosis compared with the simple form.

In patients with myopia, the former approach resulted in a greater improvement in uncorrected VA but wasn’t superior in controlling axial elongation.

They showed elevated rates of retinal detachments, glaucoma, age-related cataracts, dry eye syndrome and retinal neovascularization.

The BLINK2 study followed children and teenagers for an additional year after they wore such lenses for two years. Axial length and refraction were maintained.

After one year, mean change in SER was almost 1D while axial length difference was one-third of a millimeter. Safety concerns did not arise.

A year of treatment reduced SE refraction by about three-quarters of a diopter among myopes but only one-third of a diopter in pre-myopes.

These lenses were shown to be safe and effective, but were noted to decrease low-contrast visual acuity at distance. Ortho-K also was deemed a bit more effective but also more prone to adverse effects.

While only being tested on animals right now, clinical application might emerge in time as more studies solidify its positive effects. The mechanism may involve changes to scleral and choroidal development during ocular growth.